Ceroxylon amazonicum - Revision history

Edric_blocked_old at 19:09, 10 January 2016

2016-01-10T19:09:35Z

Edric_blocked_old at 21:27, 30 March 2015

2015-03-30T21:27:58Z

Edric_blocked_old at 14:03, 10 March 2015

2015-03-10T14:03:53Z

Edric_blocked_old at 14:00, 10 March 2015

2015-03-10T14:00:43Z

Edric_blocked_old at 13:58, 10 March 2015

2015-03-10T13:58:25Z

Edric_blocked_old at 13:54, 10 March 2015

2015-03-10T13:54:27Z

Edric_blocked_old at 13:50, 10 March 2015

2015-03-10T13:50:24Z

Edric_blocked_old at 12:10, 10 March 2015

2015-03-10T12:10:38Z

Edric_blocked_old at 12:03, 10 March 2015

2015-03-10T12:03:10Z

Edric_blocked_old at 11:52, 10 March 2015

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 }}
 ==Habitat and Distribution==
-Ecuador. Only known from the southeastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Morona-Santiago and Zamora-Chinchipe), at 820-1200 m, most common around 1000 m. It grows in premontane to tropical rain forest on clayey soils, among typical Amazonian vegetation, which includes palms like Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav., Wettinia maynensis Spruce and Oenocarpus bataua Mart. On the sites found, it was growing on pastures and forest remnants, with some secondary regeneration after cultivation in Shuar pastures and homegardens. The low elevation and surrounding vegetation is very unusual for the palms of this genus.
+Ecuador. Only known from the southeastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Morona-Santiago and [[File:050-04.jpg|thumb|left|400px|]]Zamora-Chinchipe), at 820-1200 m, most common around 1000 m. It grows in premontane to tropical rain forest on clayey soils, among typical Amazonian vegetation, which includes palms like Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav., Wettinia maynensis Spruce and Oenocarpus bataua Mart. On the sites found, it was growing on pastures and forest remnants, with some secondary regeneration after cultivation in Shuar pastures and homegardens. The low elevation and surrounding vegetation is very unusual for the palms of this genus.
-[[File:050-04.jpg|thumb|left|400px|]]
 ==Description==
 Stem 8-12 (-20) m tall, 12-25 cm in diam., internodes covered with thin layer of wax, whitish to greyish.

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 File:post-1408-016117200 1284229974.jpg|Calicanto Valencia Spain. Photo by Burgal.
 File:post-1408-031322700 1284230027.jpg|Calicanto Valencia Spain. Photo by Burgal.
-File:post-3008-0-39002400-1409612787.jpg|Northwest Portugal. Photo by Palmsmaciel.
+File:post-3008-0-39002400-1409612787.jpg|Northwest Portugal. Photo by sergiopalms-Portugal.
 File:Mature-Ceroxylon-amazonicum-in-habitat.jpg
 File:Ceroxylon-amazonicum-researcher-holding-leaf.jpg

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 Stem 8-12 (-20) m tall, 12-25 cm in diam., internodes covered with thin layer of wax, whitish to greyish.
 Leaves (14-) 19-22, in dense, hemispheric crown; sheath 104 cm long, covered with thick, light brown indumentum; petiole 10-15 cm long, 3.5-7.5 cm wide apically, adaxial surface flat and slightly elevated at center, glabrescent, abaxially covered with thick layer of persistent, brownish scales, with a stout, elongated, hammer-shaped base and a fibrous limb that projects upwards; rachis 203-290 cm long, twisted 90° on distal portion thereby holding the pinnae in a vertical position, adaxially flattened in about ½ of its length and ending in a well-defined 2 mm hastula-like projection, glabrescent with remnants of scales near the margins, abaxially convex, covered with oblong, adpressed, white, membranaceous scales; pinnae 83-106 on each side, regularly arranged in one plane, horizontal and straight to pendulous in the basal part of the leaf and straight toward the apex, abaxial surface and midrib covered with yellowish scales, with age falling to reveal the surface in some areas; the most basal filiform pinnae 37-51 × 0.2-0.6 cm, basal pinnae (10th from base and below) 59-60 × 1.2-1.8 cm, middle pinnae 50.0-83.5 × 4.2-5.0 cm, apical pinnae 24-42 × 1.5-2.0 cm, sometimes the apical pinnae united along the margins.
-Staminate inflorescences 5-7 at a time; peduncle 67 cm long, 2.5 cm wide at apex, glabrescent; prophyll 41 cm long, 6 cm wide at base; peduncular bracts 5-6, up to 160 cm long, 5-8 cm wide, with an additional smaller bract inserted near the base of the peduncle, prophyll and peduncular bracts covered by thick indumentum of light brown, fibrous scales; rachis 77-103 cm long, with 97-98 branches, each subtended by a 0.5-2.0 cm long, membranaceous, acuminate bract, rachis and branches glabrescent, longest branches 50 cm.
+Staminate inflorescences 5-7 at a time; peduncle 67 cm long, 2.5 cm wide at apex, glabrescent; prophyll 41 cm long, 6 cm wide at base; peduncular bracts 5-6, up to 160 cm long, 5-8 cm wide, with an additional smaller bract inserted near the base of the peduncle, prophyll and peduncular bracts covered by thick indumentum of light brown, fibrous scales; rachis 77-103 cm long, with 97-98 branches, each subtended by a 0.5-2.0 cm long, membranaceous, acuminate bract, rachis and branches glabrescent, longest branches 50 cm. {{read more top}}
 Female inflorescences 6-7 at a time; peduncle 124 cm long, 2.7 cm wide at apex; prophyll 45 cm long, 10-11 cm wide at base; peduncular bracts 5, to 153 cm long, an additional, 5 cm bract inserted 5 cm below rachis base; rachis 120 cm long, with ca. 92 branches, longest branches 59 cm; prophyll, peduncle, bracts and base of rachis covered with persistent, light brown to yellowish indumentum, rachillae glabrous.
 Staminate flowers: sepals 3, broadly triangular, 1.0-1.5 mm long, connate in 0.1 mm (about 1/10 of total length), exceeding total length of the corolla tube; petals 3, elliptical to long acuminate, 5-7 mm long, connate in 1.0-1.5 mm; stamens 9-12 (-13), 3-6 episepalous, and 6-7 epipetalous, filaments 1.0-1.5 mm long, anthers 2.0-3.5 mm long, anther connective not projected.
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 Ceroxylon amazonicum is diagnosed by its dense crown and leaves with regularly inserted and horizontal pinnae, staminate flowers with 9-12 (-13) stamens, and smooth fruits. It is also the species that grows at lowest elevation. (John Dransfield in Phytotaxa 34 (2011))/Palmweb.
 ==Culture==
 Cold Hardiness Zone: 9b
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 Conservation: IUCN Redlist 2003: Endangered. A palm endemic to the southeastern Andean slopes of Ecuador, where four sub-populations have been reported: 3 km along the Macas-Sucúa road; 11 km east of Zumbi on the road to Paquisha, in the Río Nangaritza watershed; in the vicinity of Miazi; and in the Parque Nacional Sangay, close to Dormono, Macas. Could also occur in the Parque Nacional Podocapus. Considered Endangered due to the rapid deforestation of the area in recent years.
+{{read more top}}
 Ceroxylon have a reputation of requiring constant cool temperatures to fare well. While this is indeed true for some of the high altitude species, there are some that will tolerate moderate heat, and in fact one obscure and very rare species from the Amazonian foothills of the Andes in Ecuador, Ceroxylon amazonicum, that, surprisingly, thrives even under tropical conditions. While in the upper reaches of its habitat it grows in cloud and rainforest around 2000 m (6500 ft.) a.s.l. with species such as Wettinia, Ceroxylon echinulatum and Geonoma, it also descends down into the steamy tropical lowland forests as low as 800 m (2600 ft.), where palms such as Mauritia flexuosa, Syagrus sancona and Oenocarpus bataua are seen close by. While its distribution and altitudinal range is actually much greater than previously recorded and covers many mountain ranges in southeastern Ecuador, it still is seriously threathend by deforestation for agriculture. It is arguably the most attractive of the Ceroxylon, forming a smooth, slender, tall trunk that carries a dense, rounded crown of flat, spreading leaves, dark green above and intensely silvery below. (RPS.com)
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 its size. This species is one of the most heat tolerant of
 Ceroxylon. Prefers shade or filtered light and moist soil. This palm is pretty rare in Southern California and has not been proven yet. Only small sizes are often found." (Geoff Stein)
+{{read more bottom}}
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 Pistillate flowers: sepals 3, broadly triangular-acuminate, 1.0-1.5 mm long, connate for 0.6-1.0 mm (1/2-2/3 of the total length), not reaching edge of corolla tube; petals 3, elliptical-acuminate, 5.0-6.5 mm long, connate up to 1.2 mm, acumen narrow, 1.0-1.5 mm long; staminodes 12, 1 antesepalous, 2?3 antepetalous, filaments 1 mm long, abortive anthers 0.9-1.2 mm long; pistil green, trifid, 2-3 mm in diam.
 Fruits globose, orange-red when ripe, 1.7-2.0 cm in diam., exocarp smooth.
-Seeds 1.3-1.5 cm diam. (John Dransfield in Phytotaxa 34 (2011))/Palmweb. Editing by edric.
+Seeds 1.3-1.5 cm in diam. (John Dransfield in Phytotaxa 34 (2011))/Palmweb. Editing by edric.
 Ceroxylon amazonicum is diagnosed by its dense crown and leaves with regularly inserted and horizontal pinnae, staminate flowers with 9-12 (-13) stamens, and smooth fruits. It is also the species that grows at lowest elevation. (John Dransfield in Phytotaxa 34 (2011))/Palmweb.
 ==Culture==
-Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a
+Cold Hardiness Zone: 9b
 ==Comments and Curiosities==
 Uses: The palm heart is edible.

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 __noeditsection__
 {{Palmbox
-|image=
+|image=ceroxylon_amazonicum.jpg
 |image_caption=
 |genus=Ceroxylon (seh-ROKS-ih-lon)
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 ==Habitat and Distribution==
 Ecuador. Only known from the southeastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Morona-Santiago and Zamora-Chinchipe), at 820-1200 m, most common around 1000 m. It grows in premontane to tropical rain forest on clayey soils, among typical Amazonian vegetation, which includes palms like Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav., Wettinia maynensis Spruce and Oenocarpus bataua Mart. On the sites found, it was growing on pastures and forest remnants, with some secondary regeneration after cultivation in Shuar pastures and homegardens. The low elevation and surrounding vegetation is very unusual for the palms of this genus.
-[[]]
+[[File:050-04.jpg|thumb|left|400px|]]
 ==Description==
 Stem 8-12 (-20) m tall, 12-25 cm in diam., internodes covered with thin layer of wax, whitish to greyish.

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 File:Ceroxylon amizonicumjunglem.JPG
 File:caIMG_8820 Kopie.jpg
+File:Ceroxylon amazonium Kopie.jpg
 </gallery></center>

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:10, 10 March 2015
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	{{SpeciesListBackLink}}		{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
−	[[Category:~~CEROXLYON~~\|amazonicum]]	+	[[Category:CEROXYLON\|amazonicum]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 10 March 2015
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		+	File:Ceroxylon-amazonicum.jpg
		+	File:ceroxylon_amazonicum.jpg\|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com
	File:CerAma.jpg\|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com		File:CerAma.jpg\|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com
	File:CerAma2.jpg\|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com		File:CerAma2.jpg\|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com

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 |cultivar=
 |synonyms=
-|continent=
+|continent=america
 |habit=Solitary
 |leaf_type=Pinnate