Difference between revisions of "Chamaedorea amabilis"

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[[Image:Amabilis02z.jpg|thumb|left|820px||Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi, edric.]]
 
 
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|image_caption=Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi, edric.
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|image_caption=Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi
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|genus=Chamaedorea <br>(kam-eh-DOR-eh-ah)
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|genus=Chamaedorea <br>(kahm-eh-doh-REH-ah)
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|species=<br>amabilis (ah-MAH-bih-liss)
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|species=<br>amabilis (ah-mah-BILL-iss)
 
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==Habitat and Distribution==  
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==Habitat and Distribution==
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Grows in wet forest on the Atlantic slopes of Costa Rica and Panama at middle elevations [[Image:Amabilis04z.jpg|thumb|left|450px||Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi]]of 500-1,000 m. (Cordilleras de Tilaran, Central and Talamanca in Costa Rica , and Serrania de Tabasara in Panama). It's range does extend sparingly into northwest Colombia (Choco).
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COSTA RICA. Alajuela. Cartago. Heredia. San Jose. PANAMA. Cocle. Colon. COLOMBIA. Choco. Dense, wet forest; alt. 500-1,000 m elevation.  
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Grows in wet forest on the slope of Cordilleras de Tilaran, Central and Talamanca in Costa Rica , and Serrania de Tabasara in Panama.
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==Description==
 
==Description==
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This is a very slow-growing, thin-stemmed (1/4"/6 cm.), bifid-leaved palm.  It can grow up to 8'/2.5 m. tall in a warm Mediterranean climate. The bifid leaves are 6"-10"/15-25 cm. long, have parallel sides and are markedly ridged and stiff.  Most plants tend to only hold 3-5 leaves at a time. Solitary stem. 1.5 2 m. tall and 1 1.5 cm. in diameter 3 to 7 leaves in the crown. Petioles, (beyond sheath). 5-17 cm. , with tubular sheath. Simple and bifid leaf-blade, elliptical to oblong, insised distally to 1/4 the total length with margins prominently serrate. Ascending, infrafoliar inflorescence. Male greenish and aromatic and green spicate the female. The fruits are smooth, subglobose to oblong, black when ripe and 0.7 cm. in diameter.
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''Chamaedorea amabilis'' is one of the more beautiful of the genus, and is a much sought after palm by collectors. It is a very slow-growing, solitary, thin-stemmed (1/4"/6 cm.), bifid-leaved palm.  It can grow up to 2.5 m. tall in a warm Mediterranean climate. Most plants tend to only hold 3-5 leaves at a time.  
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It is easily recognizable by its simple and oblong blades, prominent serrate leaf borders, shallowly bifid and with numerous lateral veins. It was first discovered and plants were returned to Germany by Wendland to be greenhouse grown in the middle of the 19th century. This species is now rare in habitat,  and is found only in very wet forests.
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General: Chamaedorea amabilis is a very beautiful palm, easily recognized by its simple and oblong blades, prominent serrate leaf borders, shallowly bifid and with numerous lateral veins. This species is very uncommon and is found only in very wet forests on the slopes of altitude.
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Habit: solitary, slender, erect but sometimes decumbent, 1-2 m tall. Stem: 7-10 mm in diam., conspicuously ringed, internodes 5 cm long, conspicuous adventitious prop roots at base to 10 cm high. Leaves: 4-5 per crown, spreading, bifid, rich green; sheath 12 cm long, tubular, green, faintly longitudinally striate-nerved; petiole 3-12 cm long, flat and bright green above with a raised, light green, triangular knoblike appendage at base, rounded and with a ± indistinct pale band below; rachis 15-20 cm long, angled and green above, rounded and pale-banded below; blade 30-50 x 15-30 cm, broadly obovate, 15-25 cm wide at apex, incised apically to 1/5-1/4 its length, thin-papery, glabrous, glossy below, cuneate at base, outer margins on upper half conspicuously serrate- dentate, 25 prominent nerves on each side of rachis. Inflorescences: infrafoliar, ascending, slender; peduncles 10-15 cm long, 4 mm wide at base, 5 mm wide at apex, green in flower where exposed, orange in fruit; bracts 4, prophyll I cm long, 2nd bract 3 cm, 3rd 7 cm, distal one 10 cm and exceeding peduncle, papery-membranous, greenish but rapidly turning brownish or rotting to nearly transparent by anthesis, longitudinally striate-nerved, acuminate, bifid. Staminate with very short rachis to I cm long, green in flower; rachillae 3-7, 15-25 cm long, 3-4 mm in diam., erect-spreading, green, minutely white-spotted. Pistillate spicate or sometimes furcate; flower-bearing portion or rachillae 15-20 cm long, 5 mm in diam., erect, green and minutely white-spotted in flower, swollen and reddish orange in fruit. Flowers: Staminate in rather dense spirals, 2.5-3 x 2.5-3 mm, subglobose, slightly angled, obtuse or ± flattened, greenish at anthesis ageing to brown, aromatic, slightly sunken in rounded depressions 2 mm long; calyx 0.5-0.75 x 2-2.5 mm high, shallowly knotched, greenish ageing to brown, sepals connate basally, broadly rounded apically, nerveless; petals 2.5 x 3 mm, connate apically and there adnate to pistillode and corolla opening by very small, basal, lateral apertures, triangular, acute; stamens 1.5 mm high, connate basally, anthers 0.75 mm long; pistillode 22.5 mm high, obovoid, swollen apically, there I mm wide, green. Pistillate in rather dense spirals, 2-5 mm distant, 2 x 3 mm, depressed-globose, green, swelling with age whether pollinated or not to 4 mm wide and becoming greenish yellow, slightly sunken in elliptic depressions; calyx 0.5 x 3-4 mm, shallowly lobed, green, sepals briefly connate basally, very broadly rounded apically, nerveless; corolla with a terminal triangular opening, 1.5 mm across, petals 2 x 3-3.5 mm, imbricate in basal 3/4, very broadly truncate to acute or undulate apically, ± thickened, limegreen, white-margined, cup-shaped; pistil 1.5 x 2 mm, depressed- globose, dark green, stigma lobes sessile, short, black. Fruits: 12 x 9 mm, globose to oblong, black, smooth, glossy. Editing by edric. (Hodel, D.R. 1992)
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Wendland discovered C. amabilis along the Rio Sarapiqui near the village of San Miguel in Costa Rica about the middle of the 19th century. He returned to Germany with living material and grew it in his greenhouses at Herrenhausen for many years. He worked up a description and name for it which were published a year after his death by his friend Udo Dammer (1904b). Dammer noted that none of Wendland's plants was alive by the early 1900s.
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Chamaedorea amabilis is distributed in wet forests at middle elevations mainly on the Atlantic slope in Costa Rica and Panama. It also occurs sparingly in northwest Colombia. In Panama it occurs up to and just over the Continental Divide at appropriate elevations, such as at El Cope and El Valle. One of the most striking members of the genus, C. amabilis is highly sought after by collectors who do not hesitate to strip great numbers of them from the forest which has led to their decline in the wild (Hodel 1988a). C. amabilis is cultivated in California, Hawaii, Costa Rica, and Australia, although it is not common in any of these places. Although Dammer (1904b) reported that all of Wendland's plants had died, the species may still survive in Europe.
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Chamaedorea amabilis is surprisingly hardy considering its origin and has withstood O°C (32°F) without sustaining damage in the Los Angeles area. (Hodel, D.R. 1992)
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==Culture==
 
==Culture==
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This is one of the less cold tolerant palms that succeed in a Mediterranean climate with about a 10a-10b USDA climate (temps rarely below freezing) but not super hot (will not tolerate desert climates).  It is very needy of moisture and humidity, requiring constantly moist, well-drained soil, and frequent misting in a dry, Mediterranean climate.  Best, if affordable, to have reverse osmosis water to keep from brown-tipping the leaves badly.  Brown tipping leaves also result from low humidity, hot, dry winds, and lack of watering.  Snails like this palm and can shred it overnight.  It likes no direct sunlight.
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''Chamadorea amabilis'' is very needy of moisture and humidity, requiring constantly moist, well-drained soil, and frequent misting in a dry Mediterranean climate.  As with all Chamadorea it benefits from reverse osmosis water to keep from the salt induced brown-tipping of the leaves.  Brown tipping of the leaves also results from low humidity, hot dry winds, and lack of watering.  Keep this palm away from snails and direct sunlight. Despite its mild native habitat, cultivated specimens have tolerated temperatures of 0ºC (32ºF) in So. California without damage.
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==Comments and Curiosities==
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
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Etymology: From the Latin, amabilis meaning lovely, attractive.  
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All of the original plants taken to Germany and grown by Wendland in the 19th century did not survive. But it is possible some were distributed to private collectors and may still be grown in a rare private collection. The beauty of this palm has also been its demise, having been actively collected to its present day scarecity. It is known, but not common, in some collector's gardens in Hawaii, California, Costa Rica, and Australia.
  
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Chamaedorea are [[dioecious]], male, and female flowers, on separate plants.
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The epitat is from the Latin, amabilis meaning lovely, attractive.  
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==External Links==
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*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
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*[http://www.plantapalm.com/wianame.htm Pronunciation Key]
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==References==
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Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
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Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos, edric.
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Chamaedorea is a [[dioecious]] genus with male and female flowers occuring on separate plants. The Greek is translated to mean “gift on the ground” - possibly referring to the small stature and pleasant surprise of finding such a gem at your feet.
  
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Special thanks to palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos, edric.
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="200px" heights="200px">
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights="">
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image:Amabilisz.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi, edric.
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image:Amabilisz.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi
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image:Amabilis02z.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi, edric.
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image:Amabilis02z.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi
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image:Amabilis03z.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi, edric.
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image:Amabilis03z.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi
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image:Amabilis04z.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi, edric.
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image:Amabilis04z.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi
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image:Amabilis05z.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi, edric.
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image:Amabilis05z.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi
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image:Amabilis06z.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi, edric.
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image:Amabilis06z.jpg|Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi
 
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image:Chamaedorea amabiliswhole.jpg|California.
 
image:Chamaedorea amabiliswhole.jpg|California.
 
image:Chamaedorea amabilisleaf.jpg|California.
 
image:Chamaedorea amabilisleaf.jpg|California.
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File:post-74-0-36547000-1433600237.jpg|Bill Austin's Garden, Hawaii. Photo by Jack Sayers.
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File:caDSCN0636.jpg.9d42f41b13232cb9c960cb9e6a6f6b52.jpg|Las Marías, PR. Photo by Cindy Adair.
 
</gallery></center>
 
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==External Links==
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*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
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*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
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*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
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==References==
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Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
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Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.
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Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.
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Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
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Hodel, D.R.1992. Chamaedorea Palms, The Species and Their Cultivation. The International Palm Society.
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{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
[[Category:CHAMAEDOREA|amabilis]]
 
[[Category:CHAMAEDOREA|amabilis]]

Latest revision as of 09:37, 15 February 2019

Chamaedorea
(kahm-eh-doh-REH-ah)
amabilis (ah-mah-BILL-iss)
Amabilis06z.jpg
Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi
Scientific Classification
Genus: Chamaedorea
(kahm-eh-doh-REH-ah)
Species:
amabilis (ah-mah-BILL-iss)
Synonyms
Chamaedorea coclensis, Nunnezharia amabilis
Native Continent
America
America.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
None.

Habitat and Distribution

Grows in wet forest on the Atlantic slopes of Costa Rica and Panama at middle elevations
Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi
of 500-1,000 m. (Cordilleras de Tilaran, Central and Talamanca in Costa Rica , and Serrania de Tabasara in Panama). It's range does extend sparingly into northwest Colombia (Choco).

Description

Chamaedorea amabilis is one of the more beautiful of the genus, and is a much sought after palm by collectors. It is a very slow-growing, solitary, thin-stemmed (1/4"/6 cm.), bifid-leaved palm. It can grow up to 2.5 m. tall in a warm Mediterranean climate. Most plants tend to only hold 3-5 leaves at a time. It is easily recognizable by its simple and oblong blades, prominent serrate leaf borders, shallowly bifid and with numerous lateral veins. It was first discovered and plants were returned to Germany by Wendland to be greenhouse grown in the middle of the 19th century. This species is now rare in habitat, and is found only in very wet forests.

Culture

Chamadorea amabilis is very needy of moisture and humidity, requiring constantly moist, well-drained soil, and frequent misting in a dry Mediterranean climate. As with all Chamadorea it benefits from reverse osmosis water to keep from the salt induced brown-tipping of the leaves. Brown tipping of the leaves also results from low humidity, hot dry winds, and lack of watering. Keep this palm away from snails and direct sunlight. Despite its mild native habitat, cultivated specimens have tolerated temperatures of 0ºC (32ºF) in So. California without damage.

PFC for PP.png

Comments and Curiosities

All of the original plants taken to Germany and grown by Wendland in the 19th century did not survive. But it is possible some were distributed to private collectors and may still be grown in a rare private collection. The beauty of this palm has also been its demise, having been actively collected to its present day scarecity. It is known, but not common, in some collector's gardens in Hawaii, California, Costa Rica, and Australia.

The epitat is from the Latin, amabilis meaning lovely, attractive.

Chamaedorea is a dioecious genus with male and female flowers occuring on separate plants. The Greek is translated to mean “gift on the ground” - possibly referring to the small stature and pleasant surprise of finding such a gem at your feet.



  • IMAGE GALLERY

  • Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi

  • Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi

  • Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi

  • Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi

  • Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi

  • Panama city, Panama. Photo by Zulli Franceschi

  • Chamaedorea amabilis2z.jpg
  • Chamama0001z.jpg

  • California.

  • California.

  • California.

  • Bill Austin's Garden, Hawaii. Photo by Jack Sayers.

  • Las Marías, PR. Photo by Cindy Adair.

External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

Hodel, D.R.1992. Chamaedorea Palms, The Species and Their Cultivation. The International Palm Society.


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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